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Phenomenological Study on Body and Disability - Focused on Merleau-Ponty and Foucault
This paper aims to understand of the human through ¡®body and disability¡¯ based on phenomenological method. The problem of ¡®body and disability¡¯ co-occur in identity and difference focused on a rational subject. This is a problem about alienation of the human by objectification of the human. We make a perfect body, and distinguish body that are not a perfect. And an imperfect body is treated like as a unusual one. This prejudice towards body was deemed the most natural thing. Also it is because of prejudice towards human. Distinction between able-bodied and disabled people looks like consideration for disabled people. But such consideration is greater discrimination. Therefore our consideration for disabled people can become a violence and an exclusion in the principle of identity. This study starts from such critical minds. We will look how to control of body through Foucault¡¯s theory of body. And we will look how to solve the problem through Merleau-Ponty¡¯s theory of phenomenological body. In Merleau-Ponty¡¯s theory of phenomenological body, the problem of disability is a problem of existential freedom. So this problem will be solved by delivering their rights, not a consideration and care.